FAQs

Sun Damage

About the Sun’s damaging rays (UVA & UVB)

The sun radiates two types of UV rays that are destructive for your skin: UVA and UVB rays. UVB rays are damaging when the sun is shining and will make your skin red and burned. UVB are responsible for the DNA damage that leads to skin cancer. UVA rays are the longer rays, which means that they penetrate deeper into your skin and create the most damage (wrinkles, skin cancer, etc.). UVA rays are so strong that they are present all year round (even on a gray, rainy day) and can even penetrate glass, including car windows.

Prevent skin cancer

Follow these tips to protect your skin from the sun's damaging ultraviolet rays and
reduce the risk of skin cancer:

Seek shade when appropriate, remembering that the sun’s rays are strongest
between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. If your shadow is shorter than you are, seek shade.
Wear protective clothing, such as a lightweight long-sleeved shirt, pants, a wide brimmed hat, and sunglasses, when possible.
Generously apply a broad-spectrum, water-resistant sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher. Broad-spectrum sunscreen provides protection from both UVA and UVB rays.
Use sunscreen whenever you are going to be outside, even on cloudy days. Face, neck and arms should receive sunscreen daily.
Apply enough sunscreen to cover all exposed skin. For adults, this is about an ounce, or enough to fill a shot glass.
Reapply sunscreen every two hours, or after swimming or sweating.
Use extra caution near water, snow, and sand, as they reflect the damaging rays of the sun, which can increase your chance of sunburn.
Avoid tanning beds. Ultraviolet light from tanning beds has been shown by the World Health Organization to cause skin cancer and premature skin aging.
Consider using a self-tanning product if you want to look tan, but continue to use sunscreen with it.
Perform regular skin self-exams to detect skin cancer early, when it’s most treatable, and see a board-certified dermatologist if you notice new or suspicious spots on your skin or anything changing, itching or bleeding.

PSORIASIS

What is psoriasis?

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin. It is unclear if this is truly an autoimmune disease but it is clear that there is a genetic component. If your parents or siblings have psoriasis, you are more likely to have it than the general population. The overall prevalence of psoriasis is roughly 3% of the population, but sufferers have it to varying degrees. Patients with psoriasis are more likely to have diabetes, bad cholesterol, increased risk of heart attack and stroke. We designed this supplement to complement the treatment of psoriasis by a board-certified dermatologist.

Psoriasis symptoms

Unpredictable and irritating, psoriasis is one of the most baffling and persistent of skin disorders. It's characterized by skin cells that multiply up to 10 times faster than normal. As underlying cells reach the skin's surface and die, their sheer volume causes raised, red plaques covered with white scales. Psoriasis typically occurs on the knees, elbows, and scalp, and it can also affect the torso, palms, and soles of the feet.

Is Psoriasis Contagious?

Psoriasis is not an infection and therefore is not contagious. Touching the affected skin and then touching someone else will not transmit psoriasis.

Symptoms:

red, raised, inflamed patches of skin
silver-white scales or plaques on the red patches
dry skin that may crack and bleed
soreness around patches
itching and burning sensations around patches
thick, pitted nails
painful, swollen joints

The condition may cause severe symptoms for a few days or weeks, and then the symptoms may clear up and be almost unnoticeable. Then, in a few weeks or if made worse by a common psoriasis trigger, the condition may flare up again. Sometimes, symptoms of psoriasis disappear completely but often the disease becomes chronic and long lasting.

When you have no active signs of the condition, you may be in “remission.” That doesn’t mean psoriasis won’t come back, but for now, you are symptom-free.

What causes psoriasis?

There are two factors: genetics and the immune system.

Genetics

If you have an immediate family member with the skin condition, your risk for developing psoriasis is higher. However, the percentage of people who develop psoriasis because of genetic predisposition is small.

Immune system

Autoimmune conditions are the result of the body attacking itself. In the case of psoriasis, white blood cells known as T cells create inflammatory mediators from an unknown cause. These mediators stimulate the skin cells to proliferate at an accelerated rate.

Infection may lead to flares in psoriasis. In a typical body, white blood cells are deployed to attack and destroy invading bacteria and fight infections. In a patient with psoriasis, there is overstimulation of the immune system that causes the skin cell production process to go into overdrive. The sped-up skin cell production causes new skin cells to develop too quickly. They are pushed to the skin’s surface, where they pile up.

Any psoriasis overview would be incomplete without noting the underlying
mechanisms of this conditions and the related issues. A combination of genetic predisposition and an extreme action of the immune system lead to these unsightly, uncomfortable and even painful conditions.

What makes psoriasis worse?

Stress: Unusually high stress may trigger a flare. If you learn to reduce and manage your stress, you can reduce and possibly prevent flares.

Alcohol: Heavy drinking or alcohol consumption can trigger psoriasis flares. If you binge drink or drink heavily, psoriasis outbreaks may be more frequent. If you have a problem with alcohol, talk to your doctor about getting help to quit drinking. Reducing alcohol consumption is smart for more than just your skin.

Injury: If you have an accident, cut yourself, or scrape your skin, you may trigger a psoriasis outbreak. Shots, vaccines, and sunburns can also trigger a new bout with the skin condition.

Medications: Some medications are considered psoriasis triggers. These medications include lithium, antimalarial medicines, and high blood pressure medication.

Infection: Psoriasis is caused, at least in part, by the immune system mistakenly activating otherwise healthy skin cells. If you’re sick or battling an infection, your immune system will go into overdrive to fight the infection. This might start another psoriasis bout. Strep throat is a common trigger.

Psoriasis types and complications

The prognosis for most patients with psoriasis is good. While it is not curable, it is controllable. Recent studies show an association between psoriasis and other medical conditions, including obesity, diabetes, and heart disease, high blood pressure, kidney disease etc.

The main types of psoriasis include:

Plaque psoriasis (also known as psoriasis vulgaris) – This is the most common form of psoriasis, found frequently on the knees, elbows, lower back and scalp. People with scalp psoriasis generally have psoriasis on other areas of their body as well, but this location can be particularly frustrating because it can cause a dandruff-like appearance and may even lead to temporary hair loss.

Guttate psoriasis – Unlike the large, raised lesions common with plaque psoriasis, guttate psoriasis is characterized by small dots and seen frequently in childhood or early adulthood. This form of psoriasis can be brought on by a case of strep throat.

Inverse psoriasis (may be referred to as flexural psoriasis or intertriginous psoriasis) – Body folds, such as behind the knee or in the groin, are the prime location for the smooth and shiny red areas of inverse psoriasis. In dermatology, it is commonly understood that this form of psoriasis probably occurs during an outbreak of plaque psoriasis somewhere else on the body.

Pustular psoriasis – The bumps of pustular psoriasis look like blisters or pimples but are actually filled with white blood cells. Often, people assume this is a contagious infection, but it is not. These pustules are usually surrounded by red skin and occur most frequently on the hands and feet.

Erythrodermic psoriasis (sometimes called exfoliative psoriasis) – The most severe of the psoriasis types, erythrodermic psoriasis is usually found in people with unstable plaque psoriasis. It is known by the wide, fiery outbreak and is accompanied by severe itching and pain. During an outbreak of erythrodermic psoriasis, skin often comes off in “sheets.” Only about three percent of people with psoriasis have this type of psoriasis, and it requires immediate medical attention because it can cause increased heart rate and body temperature changes. Some cases, particularly if left untreated, can lead to protein and fluid loss, shivering episodes, pneumonia and even congestive heart failure. Patients with more common types of psoriasis can develop erythrodermic psoriasis if they are rebounding from systemic steroids. THIS IS THE PRIMARY REASON THAT ORAL OR INTRAMUSCULAR STEROIDS SHOULD NOT BE USED IN PSORIASIS.

Psoriatic diseases including psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis have an elevated risk of related conditions including cancer, cardiovascular disease, Crohn’s disease, depression, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, osteoporosis, uveitis (an inflammatory disease of the eye) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Psoriasis Treatment

The point of psoriasis treatment is to control symptoms and prevent complications. Treatments depend on the severity of the condition. PLEASE CONSULT WITH A BOARD CERTIFIED DERMATOLOGIST FOR THE BEST TREATMENT OF YOUR PSORIASIS.

Oral medications: Oral drugs used to treat severe or stubborn psoriasis include retinoids, cyclosporine, methotrexate and other immunomodulators.

Biologics: These are by far the most effective agents in the tool kit for treating psoriasis. They are targeted antibody like molecules that tweak the immune signaling behind psoriasis. While they provide a very effect approach, they are not without risk and cost. These medications should only be pursued through a board certified dermatologist or rheumatologist familiar with these agents.

Topical medications: In addition to moisturizers, a variety of creams and ointments can be used to treat mild to moderate psoriasis. Moisturizers can also be combined with oral drugs or light therapy for more severe psoriasis cases. Topical options include steroids, vitamin D analogs, topical retinoids, and coal tar.

Light therapy: Natural and artificial light, including a specific form of ultraviolet light, can be used to treat psoriasis. The most recently developed therapies use narrow band ultraviolet B, which is effective without having to take medications that increase sensitivity to sunlight.

Diet and psoriasis:

Omega-3 fats, found in fish, soy, nuts, seeds and some vegetable oils, may help limit inflammation and other symptoms of psoriasis. Avoid fish oil supplements if you take blood thinners, as they could increase your risk of bleeding. Eating fish at least twice a week will help you get enough omega-3 fats, especially if you choose fatty fish such as salmon, herring, tuna, mackerel, and sardines.

People with psoriasis are more likely to be sensitive to gluten, so a gluten-free diet may be beneficial in some cases.

Lose weight: Losing weight may reduce the disease’s severity. Losing weight may also make treatments more effective. It’s unclear how weight interacts with psoriasis, so even if your symptoms remain unchanged, losing weight is still good for your overall health.

Eat healthy: Reduce your intake of saturated fats, which are found in animal products like meats and dairy foods. Increase your intake of lean proteins that contain omega-3 fatty acids, such as salmon, sardines, and shrimp. Plant sources of omega-3s include walnuts, flaxseeds, and soybeans.

Avoid trigger foods: Psoriasis causes inflammation. Certain foods cause inflammation, too. Avoiding those foods might improve symptoms. These foods include red meat, refined sugar, processed foods, and dairy products.

Drink less alcohol: Alcohol consumption can increase your risks of a flare. Cut back or quit entirely. Talk with your doctor if you have a problem with alcohol.

Consider taking vitamins: Some doctors prefer a vitamin-rich diet. However, even the healthiest eater may need help getting adequate nutrients. Ask your doctor if you should be taking any as a supplement to your diet.

HAIR LOSS

What causes hair loss?

There are lots of things that cause hair to thin and fall out:

Medications
Illnesses
Anemia and thyroid disorders
Hormone replacement or loss
Skin problems like psoriasis
Genetic conditions like androgenetic alopecia
Chemical products like dyes and bleaches
Age
Menopause
Stress
Overstyling
Sudden weight loss
Environmental conditions
Malnourishment or lack of essential vitamins
Too much Vitamin A
Pregnancy

How much hair loss is normal?

Hair typically grows about 6 inches per year. A person loses about 50 to 100 strands per day. Washing your hair can cause you to lose up to 250 strands at once, but not washing it doesn’t necessarily help stop hair loss.

Does hair ever stop growing?

Many people don’t know this, but hair can actually stop growing. Normally this is only about 10% of your hair at any one time. The other 90% is still getting longer.

There are three cycles of hair growth. The first growing cycle lasts from 2 to 8 years. Then that hair goes into a transition phase for two to three weeks. Each strand’s follicle shrinks. The non-growing phase is when your hair takes a break and rests for 2 to 4 months.

Hair Science

How Does Hair Grow?

A full, healthy head of hair consists of about 100,000 - 150,000 individual hairs, and only 90% of those hair follicles are usually in a stage of growth. The remaining is either resting or transitioning.

Hair growth is divided into three phases: anagen, catagen, and telogen.

Growing (anagen)

Every hair on your head is constantly going through one of the three stages of the hair growth cycle. The first phase is a growth phase, called anagen, and it can last anywhere from 2 to 6 years. While in this phase, the group of cells at the base of the hair, called the dermal papilla, multiply rapidly. As new cells form, the old ones move upward creating the hair you see. The longer it lasts, the longer the hair grows. Normally, around 80 to 85 percent of the hairs on the head are in this phase.

Transitioning (catagen)

The cells at the base of the hair stop multiplying, the hair stops growing, and it enters into catagen or the transition phase. This part of the hair growth cycle only lasts from 2 to 3 weeks. It allows the hair follicle to renew itself.

Resting (telogen)

Finally, the hair enters a resting phase called telogen. The follicle lies dormant for 1 to 4 months. Normally between 12 and 20 percent of hairs are in this phase. Under times of tremendous stress, many follicles can be “shocked” into this phase simultaneously and then shed in a short period (telogen effluvium).

Growing again (anagen)

After the hair has been shed, a new hair begins to grow, and the cycle repeats itself — through anagen, catagen, and telogen — for each hair follicle on your head for as long as it is active.

Male Pattern Hair Loss

Male pattern hair loss, or androgenetic alopecia (AGA), is the most common type of hair loss among males. Hormonal factors appear to play a role, especially a male sex hormone known as dihydrotestosterone (DHT).

Hair loss affects around half of all men over the age of 50 years, and around 50 million men in the United States (U.S.).

Male pattern hair loss is the most common type of hair loss in men. Hair at the temples and on the crown slowly thin and eventually disappear. The exact reason why this happens is unknown, but genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors are all thought to play a role. DHT is believed to be a major factor.

Male pattern hair loss happens when the follicles slowly become miniaturized, the anagen phase is reduced, and the telogen phase becomes longer.

Over time, the anagen phase becomes so short that the new hairs do not even peek through the surface of the skin. Telogen hair growth is less well-anchored to the scalp, making it easier to fall out.

As the follicles become smaller, the shaft of the hair becomes thinner with each cycle of growth. Eventually, hairs are reduced to vellus hairs, the type of soft, light hairs you can see on infants and they mostly disappear during puberty in response to androgens.

How DHT affects hair growth

The hair on the head grows without the presence of DHT, but armpit hair, pubic hair, and beard hair cannot grow without androgens. DHT is a normal part of male physiology and is important for development. While blocking conversion of testosterone to DHT with pharmaceuticals like finasteride can be useful for hair loss in men, this is associated with sexual side effect. Natural ingredients like saw palmetto and lycopene have similar effects but their efficacy compared to finasteride is low. Consult with a board certified dermatologist if you would like to explore finasteride treatment.